tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84092745867065084372024-02-08T17:11:13.226+01:00Robert Schuman, Jalonneur de la Paix MondialeDavid Heilbron Pricehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04552429629585180478noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8409274586706508437.post-76441938213859020702015-02-27T14:59:00.000+01:002015-02-27T15:01:14.846+01:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>4. La Comunaut<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">é</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><b> européenne n'est pas un 'Super-Etat'</b> </span>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ses fonctionnaires sont peu nombreux. La bureaucratie de Bruxelles n’est
pas plus grande que celle d’une petite ville ou d’une entreprise moyenne.
L’administration européenne coûte seulement une petite proportion du PDB
(produit domestique brut): environ un pour cent. Les États-Unis dépensent plus
de vingt fois cette proportion, et pourtant, les institutions fédérales n’ont
pas l’obligation de traduire tous les documents dans une vingtaine de langues
nationales! </span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il n’y a pas de ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Super-État</i>’
européen; ce n’était pas le but de Robert Schuman.</span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Il ne s’agit pas de fusionner des
États, de créer un Super-État. Nos États européens sont une réalité historique;
il serait psychologiquement impossible de les faire disparaître. Leur diversité
est même très heureuse, et nous ne voulons ni les niveler ni les égaliser.</i>’</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Aucun ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">melting pot</i>’ (creuset des
peuples) n’a été réchauffé dans l’Union Européenne. Au contraire, le droit
supranational a créé un paradoxe communautaire: en partageant la souveraineté,
les États-membres ont créèrent des pouvoirs s'amplifiant davantage. Ils ne
perdirent que les mauvaises habitudes: les<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>tendances nationalistes convoitées, les entraves douanières, les normes
réglementaires discordantes, la monnaie faible, l’inflation, les statistiques
déformées et le chauvinisme de l’information. </span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ils gagnèrent avec une fierté nationale réelle en contribuant à établir un
nouveau bien-commun communautaire, à redécouvrir notre civilisation commune, la
prospérité, le marché unique et des nouvelles spécialisations devenues possibles,
une devise d’importance mondiale, plusieurs sortes de libertés de circulation,
d’informations et de cultures. … Et surtout la paix et la sécurité sans les
armes.</span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Cette nouvelle structure de droit et de solidarité a permis aux Français de
rester Français, aux Allemands de demeurer Allemands, et les Britanniques (bien
que quelques-uns uns refusent toujours de le croire) peuvent se réjouir de leur
‘Britishness’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Robert Schuman, Jalonneur de la Paix Mondiale</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">David Heilbron Price</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">ISBN: 978-1-291-43392-0</span></span></a></span>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></span></span></a>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Schuman: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pour l’Europe</i>, p24. Cette phrase est
peut-être un correctif à celle de Jean Monnet qui a parlé de fusion de
souveraineté (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mémoires</i>, p390. Paris
1976.) Schuman expliquait que les intérêts seraient fusionnés dans une
communauté d’intérêt et de destin, mais que les gouvernements resteraient
libres dans une démocratie européenne. C’est une différentiation juridique
importante.</span></div>
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David Heilbron Pricehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04552429629585180478noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8409274586706508437.post-81647352149669439762014-02-13T00:03:00.000+01:002014-02-13T00:31:48.198+01:003. Le Secret de l'Europe<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<![endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Le secret de l’Europe? La première Communauté européenne créa une structure
démocratique des États, mais seulement dans quelques secteurs précis mais
vitaux. Elle n’est pas une fédération comme les Etats Unis d’Amérique ou le
Canada mais une communauté de droit pour sauvegarder les valeurs de justice
internationale. Ses pouvoirs ne s’étendent pas à tous les secteurs mais créent
une solidarité de valeurs soutenue par le droit démocratique commun. Elle agit
seulement là où le droit est nécessaire pour bien gérer les relations
existantes. </span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">La première communauté définissait la Démocratie supranationale avec ses <u>cinq
institutions-clés</u> dont une <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>Cour de
Justice</u></i>. Il y avait également une démocratie des États ou gouvernements
dans le <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>Conseil</u></i> de ministres;
une démocratie des citoyens dans <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>l’Assemblée</u></i>
européenne; une démocratie représentative des groupes ou collectivités
(entreprises, syndicats et consommateurs) dans le <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>Comité consultatif</u></i> et une <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>Haute Autorité</u></i> (la Commission européenne) désintéressée et
indépendante qui a pour but de proposer les mesures de bien commun et gérer les
décisions ainsi prises ensembles par le Conseil des Ministres et les autres
institutions. Chaque institution est dotée de sa propre façon démocratique de
pouvoir dire ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Non</i>’. Pouvoir dire Non,
c’est ce qui définit une Démocratie.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les collectivités d’Etats ont besoin de la sûreté de droit efficace de la
même façon que les citoyens dans un État à un niveau plus bas. Le droit
supranational ouvre la voie de l’arbitrage et les moyens pour créer une
stratégie paisible de longue haleine et ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">une
entente et une coopération si solidement organisées entre elles qu’aucun
gouvernement ainsi associé ne pourra plus s’y soustraire.’</i> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">La première Communauté apportait une supervision supranationale de toute
production et du marché du charbon, du fer et de l’acier, les éléments
essentiels de la guerre et eux-mêmes les sources de guerres. Le charbon est un
combustible et également une source de produits chimiques explosifs. La
Lorraine de Robert Schuman avec ses minerais précieux était une des victimes les
plus constantes dans des guerres meurtrières. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Grâce au charbon abondant, les machines ont centuplé l’efficacité de
l’effort humain. En 1870, les trois quarts de la production d’énergie dans le
monde, étaient fournis par les six pays qui devinrent membres de la Communauté
et son membre associé, la Grande Bretagne.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Ainsi cette croissance
de productivité et d’invention changeait le monde connu par nos aïeux. Le
progrès moral ne se développait pas de pair. Les ressources propres se
révélèrent insuffisantes et, comme le pétrole et le gaz aujourd’hui, devinrent
des sources de conflits mondiaux. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Schuman expliqua que le droit supranational de l’Union inaugurait une
nouvelle étape à travers les siècles de l’histoire du développement mondial. La
communauté fit ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">une brèche</i>’.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Elle est ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nécessaire pour le salut de nos peuples
démocratiques’</i>. Cette brèche revêt d’une importance mondiale et à travers
toute l’histoire des civilisations. Il ne s’agit pas moins de ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">l’inauguration d’une nouvelle politique qui constituera
probablement la suprême tentative de sauver notre continent et de préserver le
monde du suicide’</i>, dit-il un an avant la décision du gouvernement sur la
supranationalité.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Cette brèche ouvert une
nouvelle époque dans l’histoire, la réconciliation des nations dans des
associations supranationales.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Robert Schuman créa
ainsi une nouveauté dans le monde : un contrôle démocratique au niveau des
États.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’ordre supranational ne crée pas la
dépendance des États ; il tient compte des dépendances existantes et de la solidarité.
Il les normalise, les remet sur les voies juridictionnelles. Il les protège
contre tout abus, contre l’exploitation égoïste du faible par le plus fort.</i>’</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Robert Schuman, Jalonneur de la Paix Mondiale</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">David Heilbron Price</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">ISBN: 978-1-291-43392-0</span></span></a></span>
<br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Le Comité consultatif,
représentant la société organisée civile spécialisée, reste sous-développé. Cet
organe devait être représentatif démocratiquement selon les traités, mais ses
membres sont toujours nommés par les gouvernements eux-mêmes au Conseil des
Ministres, mesure que Paul Reuter classa comme illégal. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">La CECA</i>, p58.) Le Comité économique et social reste une institution
démocratique européenne qui n’a pas encore dit Non, en refusant un Avis ou en
opposant la législation européenne.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Armand, Louis et al:
Rapport Armand, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Un Objectif pour Euratom</i>.
1957.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Schuman: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pour l’Europe</i>, p175. Paris 1963.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Discours à Strasbourg,
le 16 mai 1949, reproduit par Price: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Schuman
or Monnet, the real Architect of Europe</i>, p47.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Schuman: discours à
Strasbourg, 16 mai 1949, </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Discours en allemand à
Mayence, le 21 mai 1953.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
David Heilbron Pricehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04552429629585180478noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8409274586706508437.post-32862414145273834362014-01-08T12:51:00.000+01:002014-01-08T12:51:47.304+01:002. La Paix en Europe et une Super-Puissance nouvelle<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 16.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une
super-puissance</span></b><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">est entrée sur la scène
mondiale, apparemment sans bouleverser les vieux États-nations. Ce groupe de
pays qu’on appelle l’Union Européenne avec son demi-milliard de citoyens
détient déjà la grandeur des États Unis d’Amérique. C’est la plus grande
puissance commerciale dans le monde. Et pourtant les anciens et les nouveaux
États de l’Europe continuent à être plus robustes que jamais. À quoi cela
est-ce dû? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Au Nord, les États-nations de la mer Baltique, antérieurement incorporés
dans l’Union Soviétique, et les anciens États du Comecon de l’Europe centrale y
compris Chypre, cette île asiatique dans la Méditerranée ensoleillée, y ont
trouvé la garantie de la démocratie. D’autres grandes nations comme l’Ukraine
et la Turquie se hâtent de s’y joindre. Des États nouveaux d’inspiration
démocratique comme la Slovénie, la Croatie, la Serbie, et la Bosnie, arrachés
douloureusement des entrailles d’une Yougoslavie oppressive et moribonde,
perçoivent dans l’Union une nouvelle espérance : une <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">zone de paix et de liberté</i>. L’Europe n’est plus un ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vieux continent</i>’ mais un continent en
pleine renaissance, un modèle politique, un exemple de réconciliation et une
expérience vivante pour tous ceux qui cherchent la paix. Les vielles habitudes
sont exposées à fin de les corriger démocratiquement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">L’Union Européenne continue d’ébranler le monde, les idéologies et les
dogmes, non pas comme une super-puissance guerrière mais comme une
super-puissance civile et pacificatrice, soutenant les pays qui cherchent la construction
d’une vraie démocratie.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les jalons
de la paix clôturant l’ère de guerres fratricides ne furent pas posés par
hasard. </span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Le Droit et cette
Paix inconnue</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Le 9 mai 1950, Robert Schuman, Ministre des Affaires étrangères français,
provoqua la naissance de ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">l’Europe</i>’
en établissant aussitôt une Communauté Européenne de destin et de droit. Cet
acte de réconciliation, cinq ans presque jour pour jour après la fin d’une
guerre mondiale sanglante et haineuse fut accompli, disait-il, ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">essentiellement pour la paix. Pour que la
paix puisse vraiment courir sa chance, il faut, d’abord qu’il y ait une Europe.</i>’
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">L’honneur est à la France qui, de tous les États du monde, prit la première
décision gouvernementale de consentir à renoncer partiellement à sa
souveraineté et partager avec autres pays démocratiques. À plusieurs reprises
en 1949 et en 1950 Schuman expliquait dans ses grands discours publics pourquoi
l’Europe était nécessaire et dans quel but: ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">non pour elle-même, non pour une fin en soi, mais comme une nécessité,
comme le seul moyen de surmonter les égoïsmes nationaux, les antagonismes et
les étroitesses qui nous tuent</i>’.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">L’Europe était en ruines. Loin d’être paisible, elle avait une tradition,
une histoire continue de guerres vieille de deux mille ans. Presque toutes les
générations ont connu des batailles meurtrières et sanglantes. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt;">Il y eut également des milliers de traités de paix signés après presque
toutes les guerres. Aucun n’a réussi. Toute cette virulence d’histoire et de
violence est bouleversée, grâce aux initiatives de Robert Schuman. L’Europe de
l’Ouest vit maintenant sa plus longue période de paix. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Quand, après la guerre, nous avons
posé les premiers jalons de la politique européenne, …la coopération entre
l’Allemagne et la France était pour l’Europe le problème capital ; sans
l’Allemagne, tout comme sans la France, il serait impossible d’édifier
l’Europe,</i>’ écrit-il.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">En 1945 après la haine de la guerre, que d’obstacles à franchir pour la
réconciliation ! Les adversaires de l’Allemagne se trouvaient sur tout
l’éventail politique ; l’addition de ces voix ainsi que le vote
systématiquement opposé des députés communistes et gaullistes pourraient fort
bien constituer une majorité de mise en échec de tout projet intégrant
l’Allemagne.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Puis, cinq années plus tard, cette nouvelle super-puissance s’est développée
organiquement par un noyau technique mal reconnu: la Communauté Européenne du
Charbon et de l’Acier, la CECA.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Comme Robert Schuman l’avait prédit, elle fut la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>source d’une grande expérience positive et insolite: plus de soixante
ans de paix interne et de prospérité, sans précédent historique. Il est
impossible de trouver un telle période dans toute l’histoire des peuples
créateurs de cette première communauté où personne n’a trouvé la mort dans les
guerres entre les États. Ne parlons pas des autres européens en dehors de la
Communauté, les Balkans, le Caucase, la Bélarus ou plus loin. …</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Robert Schuman, Jalonneur de la Paix Mondiale</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">David Heilbron Price</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">ISBN: 978-1-291-43392-0</span></span></a></span><br />
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Strasbourg, 1950. Voir
aussi, par exemple, ses discours de 1949 à Londres, Strasbourg et à Bruxelles
réédités en <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Schuman or Monnet? </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The real Architect of Europe</span></i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">. ISBN: 0952727641.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Schuman, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pour l’Europe</i>, pp109-110.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Lejeune, René: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Robert Schuman père de l’Europe</i>, p145.
Paris 2000.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
David Heilbron Pricehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04552429629585180478noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8409274586706508437.post-91900798773427218042013-11-14T16:20:00.000+01:002013-11-14T16:37:43.110+01:00La Paix mondiale est-elle possible? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">L’Europe vit en paix pour la première fois depuis plus de
2000 ans. Robert Schuman, l’initiateur de la Communauté européenne
supranationale, la décrivit comme une expérience scientifique, basée sur les
principes de la civilisation chrétienne : la justice, le droit, la
solidarité, ce qu’on appelle aujourd’hui la démocratie.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">La paix mondiale fut prévue dans sa Proposition pour
l’Europe : ‘La paix mondiale ne saurait être sauvegardée sans des efforts
créateurs à la mesure des dangers qui la menacent.’ Il écrit également plus
tard que les mêmes principes devraient être employés plus largement :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pour l’Europe, ce n’était pas la solution fédérale. C’est
la solution supranationale.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">‘Sur ces soubassements anciens, il faut édifier un étage
nouveau : le <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">supranational</i></b> reposera sur des assise nationales. Il n’y aura
ainsi aucun reniement d’un passé glorieux, mais un épanouissement nouveau des
énergies nationales, par leur mise en commun au service de la <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">communauté
supranationale</i></b>,’ écrit-il. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">‘Il ne s’agit pas de fusionner des États, de créer un
super-État. Nos États européens sont une réalité historique ; il serait
psychologiquement impossible de les faire disparaître. Leur diversité est même
très heureuse, et nous ne voulons ni les niveler ni les égaliser.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">‘Mais il faut une union, une cohésion, une coordination…
Au point de vue politique, l’entente durable, organique, instituée entre les
différents pays, doit permettre de pacifier cette Europe divisée. Il n’y a rien
de tel que la coopération et la prospérité que nous espérons atteindre, pour
établir l’entente entre les pays voisins… L’Europe doit, pour exister
réellement, être régie par le principe de l’égalité des droits et des devoirs
pour tous les pays ainsi associés.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">‘La loi démocratique de la majorité, librement acceptée
dans les conditions et des modalités préalablement fixées, limitée aux
problèmes essentiels de l’intérêt commun, sera en définitive moins humiliante à
subir que les décisions imposées par le plus fort.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">‘Cette Europe n’est dirigée contre personne ; elle
n’a aucun dessein d’agression, aucun caractère égoïste ou impérialiste, ni dans
son sein ni à l’égard d’autres pays. Elle reste accessible à qui voudra y
adhérer.’</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Et puis il écrit :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">‘Elle a comme raison d’être la solidarité et la
coopération internationales, une <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">organisation rationnelle du monde</i></b>
dont elle devra constituer une partie essentielle.’</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Le but du livre, </span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><b><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html">ROBERT SCHUMAN, JALONNEUR de la Paix mondiale</a>,</b></span> est d’analyser l’œuvre de Schuman dans
la construction européenne. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Après la deuxième guerre mondiale, ces principes de
sagesse furent appliqués pour la première fois dans les six pays-fondateurs
européens. L’époque où nous vivons, après la fin de cette guerre mondiale, est
la plus longue période de paix dans toute l’histoire européenne depuis ses
débuts. Depuis plus de 2000 ans !</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Cette expérience scientifique, est-elle reproductible
dans d’autres régions ? Pour le faire il faut bien comprendre les
événements, ce qu’a été fait et par qui, et comment on a instauré la paix. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Les caractéristiques de notre paix sont les
suivantes : </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 44.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">La Communauté : un
concept nouveau dans le langage politique contemporaine. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 44.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">La
supranationalité : une idée juridique et démocratique qui reste toujours
mal comprise, même aujourd’hui. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 44.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Un système anti-cartel
du droit au niveau européen. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ces éléments essentiels ont été bien définis par Robert
Schuman au début de la vingtième siècle. Élevé dans une famille ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">profondément chrétien</i>’ où on lit la
Bible quotidiennement, il définit ses ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intérêts</i>’
avec une devise ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">faire le bien</i>’ and
un cible : ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">une Communauté de
l’acier, du fer et du charbon’ </i>pour mettre fin à la guerre. Après avoir
terminé ses études brillamment à l’âge de 17 ans à l’Athénée de Luxembourg, ce
fils de France fit une décision inouïe. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Il choisit d’entrer dans les universités allemandes. Pour
gagner son <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Abitur</i>, certificat
d’entrée universitaire, au Gymnasium de Metz, il apprit en huit mois des
matières, comme le Grec classique, qu’on apprenait normalement en cinq
ans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aux universités de Berlin, Bonn,
Munich et Strasbourg, il suivit des cours donnés par de grands experts en
droit, en commerce, en histoire économique et politique, et en philosophie.
Parmi eux, il y avait de grands nationalistes et aussi des pionniers qui ont
exploré les possibilités d’un monde qui pourrait ne pas être en guerre toutes
les générations.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">À cette époque de l’essor économique et de la compétition
nationaliste européenne, des cartels internationaux contrôlaient les marchés.
Une collaboration secrète,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">l’Internationale sanglante des armements</i>’
profitait de grandissantes industries de guerre avant la première guerre
mondiale.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Un lauréat du Prix Nobel de la Paix écrit :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ce qui est
frappant, c’est de voir se grouper, se fusionner, en vastes combinaisons
internationales, les établissements dont la prospérité est due à l’opposition
des sentiments nationalistes des divers pays. L’ouvrage de M. Lehmann-Russbüldt
contient à cet égard de précieux renseignements, malgré le soin que prennent
les intéressés de cacher les ententes concertées entre eux.</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">‘On peut constater que
les industries du fer et de l’acier, du cuivre et du nickel, du charbon, du
pétrole et des huiles, des produits chimiques (gaz, explosifs, poudres) et des
autres matières, outre les fabriques d’armes proprement dites, forment de
vastes réseaux qui enserrent la terre tout entière.’ </span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Henri La Fontaine, (Prix Nobel 1913) préface du livre <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’Internationale Sanglante des Armements </i>par
Lehmann-Russbüldt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Les Prix Nobel furent discernés à plusieurs grands
Européens qui ont dévoilé les opérations de ces cartels d’armements et proposé
des éléments de la solution.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">*</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Le livre, <a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><b>ROBERT SCHUMAN, JALONNEUR de la Paix mondiale</b></a>, va démontrer deux choses. Avant la première
guerre mondiale, Robert Schuman a bien compris comment construire la paix à la
base de droit supranational, une communauté des intérêts, et un système
démocratique et anti-cartel. Deuxièmement, c’était Schuman, et non pas Jean
Monnet, qui a préparé et introduit la proposition Schuman, devenue la fondation
de notre Communauté européenne.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Le récit de Paul Reuter et les documents diplomatiques de
l’époque prouvent que Jean Monnet était impliqué dans la rédaction de la
Déclaration Schuman mais il n’était pas l’initiateur de la paix européenne
après la deuxième guerre mondiale. C’est Schuman qui posa les jalons : </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">La supranationalité, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">la Communauté
européenne, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">le choix du secteur de
l’acier et du charbon, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">l’analyse anti-trust, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">la conception juridique,
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">la responsabilité de
créer un traité, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">la base morale de la
réconciliation, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">la connaissance profonde
de l’Allemagne, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">la création du Conseil
de l’Europe avec son cadre démocratique européen et </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">ses Autorités
spécialisées.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">La mise en œuvre de la paix fut l’œuvre de Robert
Schuman, par-dessus tout, posant les jalons pour la paix.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;">Au niveau de la paix mondiale, il nous faut bien méditer
sur l’expérience européenne, éviter les contrefaçons et agir avec sagesse,
comme Schuman l’a fait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Robert Schuman, Jalonneur de la Paix Mondiale</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">David Heilbron Price</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/david-heilbron-price/robert-schuman-jalonneur-de-la-paix-mondiale/paperback/product-21284849.html"><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">ISBN: 978-1-291-43392-0</span></span></a></span><br />
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br clear="all" /></span>
<br />
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8409274586706508437#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Voir, Otto Lehmann-Russbüldt
(co-fondateur Bund Neues Vaterland): <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’Internationale
sanglante des Armements</i>, Préface, <span class="citation"><i>Henri La Fontaine,(prix
Nobel 1913)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Président, Bureau
international de la Paix (Prix Nobel 1910)</i></span> : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Philip Noel-Baker, Prix Nobel de la Paix
1959 : <span class="citation"><i>The Private Manufacture of Armaments</i>. London,
1932. Bertha von Suttner, Prix Nobel 1905.</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
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David Heilbron Pricehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04552429629585180478noreply@blogger.com0